RTE ANTARGAT KHANAGI PRATHMIK SHALANI SANKHYA BABAT NIYAMAK NO LATEST PARIPATRA.
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to
Education Act (RTE), is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4
August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free
and compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in India under
Article 21a of the Indian Constitution. India became one of 135
countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the
Act came into force on 1 April 2010.
The Act makes education a fundamental right of every child between the
ages of 6 and 14 and specifies minimum norms in elementary schools. It
requires all private schools to reserve 25% of seats to children (to be
reimbursed by the state as part of the public-private partnership plan).
Kids are admitted in to private schools based on economic status or
caste based reservations. It also prohibits all unrecognised schools
from practice, and makes provisions for no donation or capitation fees
and no interview of the child or parent for admission. The Act also
provides that no child shall be held back, expelled, or required to pass
a board examination until the completion of elementary education. There
is also a provision for special training of school drop-outs to bring
them up to par with students of the same age.
The RTE Act requires surveys that will monitor all neighbourhoods,
identify children requiring education, and set up facilities for
providing it. The World Bank education specialist for India, Sam
Carlson, has observed: "The RTE Act is the first legislation in the
world that puts the responsibility of ensuring enrolment, attendance and
completion on the Government. It is the parents' responsibility to send
the children to schools in the US and other countries."
The Right to Education of persons with disabilities until 18 years of
age is laid down under a separate legislation - the Persons with
Disabilities Act. A number of other provisions regarding improvement of
school infrastructure, teacher-student ratio and faculty are made in the
Act.
Education in the Indian constitution is a concurrent issue and both
centre and states can legislate on the issue. The Act lays down specific
responsibilities for the centre, state and local bodies for its
implementation. The states have been clamouring that they lack financial
capacity to deliver education of appropriate standard in all the
schools needed for universal education. Thus it was clear that the
central government (which collects most of the revenue) will be required
to subsidise the states.
A committee set up to study the funds requirement and funding initially
estimated that INR 1710 billion or 1.71 trillion (US$38.2 billion)
across five years was required to implement the Act, and in April 2010
the central government agreed to sharing the funding for implementing
the law in the ratio of 65 to 35 between the centre and the states, and a
ratio of 90 to 10 for the north-eastern states. However, in mid 2010,
this figure was upgraded to INR 2310 billion, and the center agreed to
raise its share to 68%. There is some confusion on this, with other
media reports stating that the centre's share of the implementation
expenses would now be 70%. At that rate, most states may not need to
increase their education budgets substantially.
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