Acid Base Salt
Substances can be divided into three types – Acid, Base and Salt.ACID: Taste of acid is sour. There are many substances that contain acid and so taste sour. For example – lemon, curd, pickles, orange juice, vinegar, etc.
Substances that taste sour are called acidic. The chemical nature of such substance is known as ACIDIC.
The word acid comes from Latin ‘ACERE’ which means sour.
BASE: Taste of base is bitter. Substances that contain base taste bitter. For example; soap or soap solution, baking soda, washing soda, etc.
The chemical nature of substances that contain base is known as BASIC.
INDICATOR: A substance which detects the acidic or
basic nature of another substance by change in colour is called
acid-base indicator. It is not advisable to taste any substance in
laboratory because it can be harmful. Hence, acid-base indicators are
used to check if a given substance is acid or base.
Natural Indicator: Indicators that are obtained from naturally occurring substance are called NATURAL INDICATORS. Example: litmus, turmeric, China rose, etc.
Synthetic Indicator: Indicators that are made in laboratory are called SYNTHETIC INDICATORS. Example: phenolphthalein, methyl orange, etc.
Litmus is a purple coloured liquid in distilled water. Litmus comes in the form of strips of two colours. One is called blue litmus paper and another is called red litmus paper. Litmus liquid and litmus paper are used to detect the acidic or basic nature of a substance.
Colour of litmus paper in acid: Blue litmus paper turns into red when dipped in acidic solution.
Colour of litmus paper in base: Red litmus paper turns into blue when dipped in basic solution.
Types of Indicator:
Indicators can be divided into two types.Natural Indicator: Indicators that are obtained from naturally occurring substance are called NATURAL INDICATORS. Example: litmus, turmeric, China rose, etc.
Synthetic Indicator: Indicators that are made in laboratory are called SYNTHETIC INDICATORS. Example: phenolphthalein, methyl orange, etc.
NATURAL INDICATORS:
Litmus: Litmus is extracted from Lichens. Lichen is a composite organism. Lichens consist of fungi and algae living in symbiotic relationship.Litmus is a purple coloured liquid in distilled water. Litmus comes in the form of strips of two colours. One is called blue litmus paper and another is called red litmus paper. Litmus liquid and litmus paper are used to detect the acidic or basic nature of a substance.
Colour of litmus paper in acid: Blue litmus paper turns into red when dipped in acidic solution.
Colour of litmus paper in base: Red litmus paper turns into blue when dipped in basic solution.
Turmeric: Turmeric is also used as natural
indicator. Turmeric is of yellow colour. Turmeric paper turns into red
when it is dipped into basic solution. Turmeric paper does not change
its colour with acid.
China Rose: China rose is another natural indicator. China rose solution gives dark pink (magenta) colour with acid and green colour with base.
Acid Rain: Carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide which are released from vehicles and chimneys mix with droplets of rain and turn the rain water acidic. When this acidic rain water falls over earth, it is known as acid rain. Acid rain damages the buildings and is harmful for plants and animals.
China Rose: China rose is another natural indicator. China rose solution gives dark pink (magenta) colour with acid and green colour with base.
Acid Rain: Carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide which are released from vehicles and chimneys mix with droplets of rain and turn the rain water acidic. When this acidic rain water falls over earth, it is known as acid rain. Acid rain damages the buildings and is harmful for plants and animals.
The Taj Mahal; which is made of marble; is under
threat because of acid rain. Many parts of Taj Mahal and many other
historical buildings and monuments have got damaged due to acid rain.
Characteristics of Acid:
- Sour in taste.
- Turns blue litmus paper red.
- Turns the solution of China rose to dark pink colour (magenta).
Characteristics of Base:
- Bitter in taste.
- Turns red litmus paper blue.
- Turns solution of China rose to green.
- Turns turmeric paper to red.
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